| 紫外线吸收剂介绍及其应用 |
| 添加时间：2017/9/20 17:39:52 浏览次数： |
| 什么是紫外线吸收剂 What are UV absorbers? 1、紫外线吸收剂是一类可防止太阳光或其他人造紫外光引起聚合物降解的物质，是一种光稳定剂。 1. UV absorbers are a type of light stabilizer that prevents the degradation of polymers by sunlight or other artificial ultraviolet light. 2、由于太阳光线中含有大量对有色物体有害的紫外光，其波长约290-460nm，这些有害的紫外光通过化学上的氧化还原作用，使颜色分子最后分解褪色，而使用紫外线吸收剂对受保护的物体可以实施有效的防止或削弱其对颜色的破坏。 2, because the sun contains lots of harmful ultraviolet light colored object, its wavelength is about 290-460nm, the harmful ultraviolet light by chemical oxidation reduction, the molecular decomposition and finally color fade, the use of UV absorber on the protected objects can be implemented effectively prevent or reduce their damage to the color. 3、加入紫外线吸收剂后可选择性地吸收这种高能量的紫外线，使之变成无害的能量而释放或消耗。由于聚合物的种类不同，使其劣化的紫外线波长也不相同，不同的紫外线吸收剂可吸收不同波长的紫外线，使用时，应根据聚合物的种类选择紫外线吸收剂。 3. After adding UV absorbers, this high-energy ultraviolet light can be selectively absorbed and released or consumed as harmless energy. Because of the different types of polymer, the ultraviolet wavelength of the degradation is not the same, different UV absorber can absorb different wavelengths of ultraviolet light, when used, should be based on the selection of ultraviolet absorbent polymer. 紫外线吸收剂的机理 The mechanism of UV absorbers 1、紫外线吸收剂之所以能吸收紫外光是由于该类化合物分子中含有共轭π电子体系的结构与能够进行氢原子移动的结构两部分所致。也有的只有前一部分。 1, UV absorbers can absorb ultraviolet light because of the structure of conjugated molecules in such compounds containing the structure of conjugated electron systems and the structure that can move hydrogen atoms in two parts. Others have only the first part. 2、紫外线吸收剂其结构分子中至少含有一个邻位羟基苯基取代基，这类化合物中由邻位羟基与氮原子或氧原子形成一螯合环，在吸收紫外线后，氢键断裂发生分子异构，分子内结构发生热振动，氢键破坏，螯合环打开，分子内结构发生变化，这样就将有害的紫外光变为无害的热能放出，从而保护了材料， 2, the molecular structure of ultraviolet absorbent containing at least one ortho hydroxy phenyl substituent, a chelate ring by ortho hydroxyl group and a nitrogen atom or oxygen atoms form these compounds, in the absorption of ultraviolet light, hydrogen bond rupture molecular heterogeneous, intra molecular structure thermal vibration, destruction of hydrogen bonds, chelate ring open, structural change within the molecule, this will change out harmful ultraviolet light into harmless heat, thereby protecting material, 3、在这个过程中，分子内所形成的螯合环是其具有吸收紫外线功能的关键，打开此环的能量敏感范围正好为290～400nm波长的紫外线能量范围。 3. In this process, the chelate ring formed in the molecule is the key to the absorption of ultraviolet light. The energy sensitive range of the ring is just about 290 ~ 400nm wavelength of ultraviolet energy range. 4、另外，作为紫外线吸收剂，还必须能在紫外光或可见光的作用下不进行光化学反应；对化学药品 及水稳定性好，对热的稳定性好；挥发性小；对高分子材料的相容性好及不被溶剂萃取等。 4, in addition, as a UV absorber, also must not photochemical reactions in ultraviolet or visible light under the action of water and chemicals; good stability, thermal stability; low volatility of polymer materials; good compatibility and not by solvent extraction. 紫外线吸收剂应该具备的条件 UV absorbers should have the conditions 1、可强烈地吸收紫外线（尤其是波长为290-400nm）； 1. It can absorb ultraviolet rays (especially 290-400nm); 2、热稳定性好，即使在加工中也不会因热而变化，热挥发性小； 2, good thermal stability, even in processing, will not change due to heat, heat volatility; 3、化学稳定性好，不与制品中材料组分发生不利反应； 3 、 good chemical stability, not adverse reaction with material component in the product; 4、混溶性好，可均匀地分散在材料中，不喷霜，不渗出； 4, miscibility is good, can be evenly dispersed in the material, do not spray frost, do not leak; 5、吸收剂本身的光化学稳定性好，不分解，不变色； 5, absorbent itself photochemical stability is good, do not decompose, do not change color; 6、无色、无毒、无臭； 6, colorless, non-toxic, odorless; 7、耐浸洗； 7, wash resistance; 8、价廉、易得； 8, cheap and easy to obtain; 9、不溶，或难溶于水。 9 insoluble or insoluble in water. 紫外线吸收剂的分类 Classification of UV absorbers 按化学结构划分，紫外线吸收剂可分为水杨酸酯类、苯酮类、苯并三唑类、取代丙烯腈类、三嗪类和受阻胺类。 According to the chemical structure, UV absorbers can be divided into salicylic acid, benzene, benzene, three azole, substituted acrylonitrile, three triazine and hindered amines. 苯并三唑类 Benzo three azole 该类化合物是紫外线吸收剂中产量最大，品种最多的一类产品，国内外的研究也很活跃。苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂的合成一般是使芳香胺重氮化生成重氮盐，重氮盐与酚类化合物进行偶合反应生成中间体偶氮颜料，再经还原闭环而成。 This kind of compound is one of the most productive and the most varieties of UV absorbers, and the research is very active both at home and abroad. The synthesis of the three triazole UV absorbers is to make the aromatic amines diazotization to form diazonium salts, and the diazo salt reacts with phenols to form intermediates, azo dyes, and then through reduction and closed loop. 二苯甲酮类 benzophenone type 该类紫外线吸收剂产量和品种仅次于苯并三唑。 The yield and variety of this class of UV absorbers are only three times higher than that of benzene. 其合成路线基本上为两步反应,即2 ,4 - 二羟基二苯酮的合成和烷氧基二苯酮的合成。 The synthesis route is basically a two step reaction, that is, synthesis of 2, 4 - two hydroxy two benzophenone and synthesis of alkoxy two phenyl ketone. 紫外线吸收剂研究方向 Research directions of UV absorbers 1、高分子质量化 1, high polymer quality 降低助剂挥发性，减少反应过程中的损失 Reduce the volatility of additives and reduce the loss during the reaction 2、多功能化 2, multi-functional 使一个稳定剂分子中同时具有不同功能的基团,起到多种稳定作用（热稳定剂，抗氧剂……） A group of stabilizers having different functional groups at the same time, playing a variety of stabilizing effects (heat stabilizers, antioxidants) 3、反应性化 3, reaction 将反应性基团引入光稳定剂分子中，使其在加工时与基础聚合物键合，从而永久存在于高分子材料中 The reactive group is introduced into the light stabilizer molecule to bond with the base polymer during processing so as to remain in the polymer material permanently 紫外线吸收剂的应用实例 Application example of ultraviolet absorber 1、由于聚合物的种类不同，使其劣化的紫外线波长也不相同，不同的紫外线吸收剂可吸收不同波长的紫外线，使用时，应根据聚合物的种类选择紫外线吸收剂。 1, because of the different types of polymer, the ultraviolet wavelength of the degradation is not the same, different UV absorber can absorb different wavelengths of ultraviolet light, when used, should be based on the selection of ultraviolet absorbent polymer. 2、化妆品中使用的紫外线吸收剂，能够减少或者完全吸收紫外线，保护皮肤。但如果过量使用或者使用禁用的紫外线吸收剂，则以对皮肤形成刺激，引起皮肤过敏。 2. UV absorbers used in cosmetics can reduce or completely absorb UV rays and protect the skin. However, if excessive use or use of banned UV absorbers, then to stimulate the formation of the skin, causing skin allergies. 水杨酸苯酯 Phenyl salicylate 成 分：邻羟基苯甲酸苯酯 Ingredients: phthalic acid, phenyl ester 性能及用途：无色结晶粉末。具有令人愉快的芳香气味（冬青油气味）。密度1.250g/cm3，溶点43，沸点（1.6kPa）173。易溶于乙醚、苯和氯仿，溶于乙醇，几乎不溶于水和甘油。含量99%。 Properties and uses: colorless crystalline powder. Having a pleasant aromatic odor (a scent of Holly oil). The density of 1.250g/cm3 43, melting point, boiling point (1.6kPa) 173. Soluble in ether, benzene and chloroform, soluble in ethanol, almost insoluble in water and glycerin. Content 99%. 该品为一种紫外线吸收剂，用于塑料制品，但吸收波长范围较窄。美国食品药物管理局批准用于接触食品的丙烯酸树脂用品。 The product is an ultraviolet absorber, used in plastic products, but has a narrow range of absorbing wavelengths. The United States Food and Drug Administration approved acrylic resin supplies for contact with food. 汽巴Chimassorb 81 Ciba Chimassorb 81 Chimassorb 81是二苯酮类紫外线吸收剂，与受阻胺类光稳定剂联合使用，可提供良好的光稳定化保护。与聚烯烃和软PVC相容性好。 Chimassorb 81 is a two benzophenone UV absorber, which can be used in combination with hindered amine light stabilizers to provide good photo stabilization protection. Good compatibility with polyolefins and soft PVC. 化学名称：2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮 Chemical name: 2- hydroxy, -4-, octyl, two phenyl ketone 化学结构： Chemical structure: 应用：Chimassorb 81与受阻胺复配使用，主要应用于农膜中低密度，线性低密度聚乙烯以及EVA共聚物。也可作为紫外线屏蔽剂，保护工业用/民用包装中的内容物。另外，与受阻胺光稳定剂复合使用，可用于高密度聚乙烯模塑制品，如周转箱。Chimassorb 81也可 Application: Chimassorb 81 and hindered amine compound use, mainly used in plastic film of low density, linear low density polyethylene and EVA copolymer. It can also be used as an ultraviolet shielding agent to protect the contents of industrial and civil packaging. In addition, combined with hindered amine light stabilizer, it can be used in high-density polyethylene molding products, such as turnover boxes. Chimassorb 81 is also available |
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